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Figure 11 shows that the NBR vulcanizate containing the NR-graft-o-AP has higher storage modulus (E'), than both the NBR vulcanizate containing PBN and the control vulcanizate. The E' values of the sample containing PBN was lower than the control vulcanizate, whereas the E' values of the sample containing the NR-graft-o-AP were higher than both the control vulcanizate and the sample containing PBN. When a polymer material is in an elastic deformation state (strain relaxation), a decrease in the deformation stress (increase in E') results in higher resistance against deformation (tan delta value decreases). The tan delta values of NBR vulcanizate containing both PBN and NR-graft-o-AP were lower than the control vulcanizate and the sample containing PBN as shown in Figure 12. This phenomenon is similar with the experimental results of the changes in the surface roughness and the thickness of the char residue of the four samples. Heat of activation and energy barrier of macromolecular movement are relatively lower in the sample containing NR-graft-o-AP than the other two samples. The heat of activation and the energy barrier of macromolecular movement are relatively higher for the NBR vulcanizate containing PBN than the sample containing PBN and the control vulcanizate. This is because the grafting of AP on the NBR improves the dispersion effect and the molecular chain mobility of the NBR, resulting in a decrease in the weight-average molecular weight in the NBR vulcanizate. Therefore, the degradation of NBR chains was accelerated, and this led to the activation of molecules motion. As a result, the activation difference between the NBR vulcanizate containing NR-graft-o-AP and the control vulcanizate was mainly due to the differences in heat of activation and the energy barrier of macromolecular movement in the two samples (Figure 13). Furthermore, the energy barrier of macromolecular movement is much higher than the heat of activation in the macromolecular chain. d2c66b5586